General Rule for Nationals of Member States Case Study

General Rule for Nationals of Member States - Case Study Example The public policy, security and health derogations are given a narrow scope and are determined by the ECJ and secondary legislation. Directive 64/2212 provides for the issuing of directives to coordinate these measures. The directive applies to the employed, self-employed and their families, recipients of services, retired persons and students, but not to companies. All the main provisions are directly effective. The derogations are concerned with the specific characteristics of particular persons. The limit to the exercise and scope of the derogations are set by community law with regard to non-discrimination, proportionality, protection for fundamental rights and the various safeguards in Directive 64/221.3 Directive 64/221 seeks to coordinate all measures relating to entry and deportation from member state territories including the issue and/or renewal of residence permits which can be adopted on grounds of public policy, security, health. Member States are free to determine the scope of these concepts on the basis of their national legislation and case law but within the framework of Community law. Specifically, member states cannot plead the need to derogate from Directive 64/221 in order to service economic ends4 such as high unemployment. However, any measures taken on grounds of public policy, public security or public health must be justified by a real and sufficiently serious threat to a fundamental interest of society and must be in conformity with the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and with the proportionality principle.

ADVENTURE TOURIM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

ADVENTURE TOURIM - Essay Example Due to the element of surprise and risk, the challenges and the testing of the limits of the participants it involves, it has been gaining popularity, as the unusualness of the holidays rather than the typical vacations has been appealing. Adventure tourism is rapidly growing in popularity as tourists seek unusual holidays, different from the typical beach vacation. Adventure tourism may be a combination of travelling into generally involves travelling into remote, inaccessible and possibly hostile areas. It may require a certain minimal level of physical fitness and courage and determination to go through with the tour. (Source from website http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventure_tourism) Adventure Travel may be â€Å"hard† with high levels of risk, requiring intense physical fitness and greater skills, like climbing Mt. Everest or white water rafting in rapids. It can be â€Å"softâ€Å" with a perceived risk but actually â€Å"doctored† levels of real risk requiring minimal commitment and low skill level often insulated by supervision from experienced guides like hot air ballooning or hang gliding. There are different types of these tours with subtle differences. Eco tours are often undertaken in small groups and try to be conducted with minimal impact to the environment and the local community. They may be soft or hard adventures often accompanied by a tour guide well versed in native geographies. Some of them aim to be educational. Nature-tourism involves interaction with nature for observation and recreation. More holidays, more disposable income and more transportation options have encouraged people to get out more. Vacations have become a necessity to get away from the fast paced life. Added to this health consciousness has risen among today’s societies and the incentive to be healthy and fit has encouraged the love of the

Analysis and Application of a Clinical Practice Essay

Analysis and Application of a Clinical Practice - Essay Example These guidelines were designed to provide transportation agencies and Road Safety Audit teams with a enhanced understanding of the safety of bicycle cyclists in the context of the cycling environment. These guidelines were also planned to nurture a secure environment for motorists, cyclists and pedestrians while using the road. The Bicycle safety Guidelines are cyclist specific guides that present road users personnel with safety elements they should consider when using the road. Even though the writers have exhausted every resource to be comprehensive as they could, people using these guidelines should keep in mind that conditions fluctuate from place to place and extra precautions should be learned that may not be handled in this documented. Not every recommendation in these guidelines is applicable in each situation. Transport in NSW will work with key stakeholders such as Bicycle NSW, the Amy Gillett Foundation, and Cycling NSW on the development of policies and programs that will be accepted within the cycling community. At the same time, Transport in NSW will work with other road user groups to ensure broader acceptance across the wider community. The NSW Government will work with Local Councils to ensure the road environment where cycling occurs is designed and managed using a safer systems approach. This article was based on bicycle crash statistics; which provide trends and an overview of the need to provide more cyclist friendly environment on the highway and streets. Moreover a comprehensive qualitative research was done to identify the major problems that contribute to laxity in bicycle safety. A random sampling study was done where 4,388 families comprising 11,753 people were arbitrarily picked out. The study brought out that a major contributor to bicycle accidents were from hits by motorists. The survey discovered that either the bicyclist does not pick up the oncoming

MRKT19031 - Consumer Behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

MRKT19031 - Consumer Behaviour - Assignment Example Table of Contents 1. Introduction 5 2. Creating decision matrix 5 2.1. Accommodation options 5 2.2. Evaluative criteria 6 2.3. Decision matrix 6 3. Application of compensatory decision rule 7 3.1.2. Rating each option against each of the criteria 8 3.1.3. Compensatory decision rule to calculate which option this respondent is most likely to choose 9 3.1.4 Calculation results and real choices. 9 3.2. Respondent 2 10 3.2.1. Ranking evaluative criteria (based on the allocation of 100 points importance score) 10 3.2.2. Rating each option against each of the criteria 10 3.2.3. Compensatory decision rule to calculate which option this respondent is most likely to choose 11 3.2.4 Calculation results and real choices. 11 3.3. Respondent 3 12 3.3.1. Ranking evaluative criteria (based on the allocation of 100 points importance score) 12 3.3.2. Rating each option against each of the criteria 12 3.3.3. Compensatory decision rule to calculate which option this respondent is most likely to choose 13 3.3.4 Calculation results and real choices. 14 4.1. Why are respondents' rankings of evaluative criteria different? 14 4.1.1. Demographic reasons 14 4.1.2. Personality reasons 15 4.2. Why are respondents' choices different? 16 4.2.1. Demographic reasons 16 4.2.2. Personality reasons 17 4.3. Recommendations for marketers of these accommodation options 17 5. Conclusion 18 References 19 Appendix I 21 1. Introduction There are as many opinions and preferences as there are people in the world. The goal of marketing, nevertheless, is to develop strategies and techniques that will make a particular product appealing to people. In order to achieve this goal it is necessary to, in the first place, know what people want or know how they choose what they buy. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse how people use different evaluative criteria in the process of making buying decisions, how demographic and personality reasons influence the importance of certain evaluative criteria, and why the results of empirical buying behaviour research might differ from real life consumer behaviour. For the purpose of accomplishing the set above goals a sample population of 3 people will be offered to evaluate six accommodation options selected for this study, as well as six evaluative criteria relative to the provided options. The compensatory decision rule will be used for evaluating the choices people make. Answers of the respondents will be analysed with the purpose of determining what particular factors had the greatest impact on their decision-making, so that it will be possible to provide the marketers with certain recommendations regarding practical applications of the gathered information. 2. Creating decision matrix 2.1. Accommodation options The listed below 6 accommodation options were chosen for the purpose of completing this task. Detailed descriptions and pictures are provided in Appendix I. 1. Buying a house in Barwon Heads for $695,000. 2. Buying a 2-bedr oom and 1-bathroom apartment in Berridale Village for $129,000 3. Renting a fully furnished studio apartment for $230 per week in a suburb of Melbourne . 4. Buying a 2-bedroom and 2-bathroom apartment in Sydney for $680,000 (Unit 704/710-722 George Street, Sydney, NSW, 2000). 5. Sharing

Using Power and Influence to Get a Promotion Research Paper

Using Power and Influence to Get a Promotion - Research Paper Example Case in point is a person who has been working as a fiber optic network technician for the past 13 years in the organization and feels ready and qualified to take the next step into a management role. Having the requisite work experience, background, education and passion, it does not make sense why the person has not been promoted yet. An interview reveals: â€Å"My education has given me the tools & skills to work as an effective manager. Given the company’s organizational structure it is very difficult to move up without relocating, but not impossible. Relocating is not an option for me. The company typically will not allow someone to supervise current peers†. This case shows an instance in the organization where a qualified person is facing a ceiling towards their steady career progression, with no obvious means at their disposal to help the situation. This raises the question of whether it is possible to utilize power and influence within the organization to get the promotion without having to relocate. Despite having appropriate work experience and education in the field to be able to take on a management role at the company, a person is overlooked for promotion based on the inability of the person to relocate. Without the option of relocating, there are very limited chances of getting a promotion. Is it possible to use power and influence to get a promotion in the company without relocating? Having power and influence in an organization means having access to more information, having control and influence over peers and subordinates and having a say in the decision making process. This power wielding can be done formally or informally. Therefore, power is in a way a product of ability and willingness to control other persons, important information and ‘instrumentalities’ (Mechanic 1962). To attain power, one must not only have the knowledge and the deep

UK employee relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

UK employee relations - Essay Example Employer-employee relationship is something that has been a cause of concern for the better part of history. In the past, there was little that employees could do to object to the treatment that was a part of their daily lives as a consequence of the actions of the employers. Then the springing up of various trade unions granted both employees and workers some power to sit at a table with businessmen and argue for their rights. Recent years have seen a trend in countries across the globe that has led to more protection to employees and programs have been introduced to better the interaction between employers and their respective employees. It is important however, to assess with a critical eye how the multiple legislations and laws that have been created are being implemented and if they truly are helping the workers. Employee relations is a complicated branch of interactions in the economic context and encompasses the interaction of employees, employers, trade unions, and government s on a regular basis (Rose, 2008, p.3). Employee relations are a term that has only recently been bought to the forefront in order to change the layout of how the relationship is between employers and their employers. This term indicates a particular subject matter unique to it and was previously known as industrial relations, which may still be used now. Debate may arise as to the meaning of the two terms and some say that it is clearly insignificant. There are some who argue that the use of the term industrial relation would drag in trade unions that are no longer as strong as they used to be. Employee relations would encompass the service sector which is currently employing about seventy percent of the workforce of a country that is developed (Leat, 2007, p. 5). Employee relation would also include as well as leave out if it is applicable, the idea of unions and other blocs. Industrial relation systems were mainly established in the early twentieth century when there was a demand for labor and a large amount of employment to go with that and not a lot of skilled labor (Dicker, 2003, p. 9). When there grew a scarcity of labor the trade unions gained more bargaining power and wages were higher yet there was no clear relationship that existed between employers and employees and the unions were becoming a way of life. So in the twenty first century there was change in mindset as to the idea of relations in the market and employees were seen to not test boundaries by questioning and participating in a business. With employee relations there is now an emphasis on searching for talent and then grooming it and allowing it to continue. Employee relations can mean various things to the employers. Some of these may be that employee relations can mainly be looked at as more of a philosophy rather than some form of management that is well defined. A shift is also beginning to take place now with power shifting from the trade unions to the individuals in workplaces. This may be due to the drop in membership of trade unions which was at one time at a high of about twelve million plus and has since fallen to about seen million (Chartered Institute of Personnel Development, 2010). The review of the Employment Relations Act of 1999 was an example of the legislative measures that were taken to curb the role of trade unions. The reason for the passing of this review was to make changes to the labor market in order to provide a more fair and long-lasting platform for the development of healthy employee relations. It was purported that the review of the Employment Relations Act of 1999, and the subsequent measures, would help to boast the rate of employment and to integrate both justice and flexibility in the industrial system of the country. According to the Employment Relations Act of 1999, the employers had the authority to recognize or derecognize a trade union for the intention of collective bargaining where most of the employees are in favor of it. I n a research study conducted, most of the

Fashion Merchandising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Fashion Merchandising - Essay Example The paper "Fashion Merchandising" analyzes The Ethics of Counterfeiting in the Fashion Industry. According to (Hilton, Chong Ju and Chen 345-354), the ethical issues of counterfeiting in fashion merchandizing are rooted among the fashion industry itself. This global issue can be analyzed by the statistical analysis which shows that the counterfeit market is worth $350 billion (Turner). This problem is comparatively increased in Western countries because of the non-involvement of legal system in designing sector of fashion. According to Skov, counterfeit is also a legal and economic issue which results into â€Å"misleading the consumer into believing that the goods that are presented are the real thing. Counterfeiting is done on the basis of â€Å"credence goods† which are defined as: â€Å"Goods whose quality is difï ¬ cult to assess before or after purchase and use. According to (Turner), â€Å"Credence goods are what are most copied because their value can only be dete rmined by the credence or faith given to them by others, therefore they are easily exploitable. These items are usually of medium quality that has a high-perceived value, which can be easily copied. In order to elaborate the importance of credence in fashion industry, let’s consider the nature of fashion world. According to (Hilton, Chong Ju and Chen 345-354), â€Å"credibility† is the main entity which lay the basis of fashion industry. This credibility is gained through buyer and manufacturer. This credibility is majorly gained through fashion â€Å"indicators†.