Research on the Effects of Violence in Video Games

Video gaming is mostly associated with consoles such as the Xbox and Playstation, however, wireless technology and handheld devices are producing more and more gaming applications making such an activity further accessible to those who may not perceive themselves as an ‘avid gamer’. Much research into video gaming has focused on aggression and violence; see (Bandura, 1977; Graybill, Strawniak, Hunter O’Leary, 1987; Scott, 1995; Silvern Williamson, 1987; Zillmann, 1983). Research into the effects of violence in video gaming and aggressive behaviour has suggested physiological arousal causes an ‘excitement transfer’, consequently seeing and experiencing violence causes violent and aggressive behaviour (Zillmann, 1983). Additionally, Bandura (1977) suggested that adolescents who play violent video games are mirroring the behaviour experienced through game play, therefore resulting in aggressive behaviour. Hence it is imperative to research the sway ant i social content in video games has on pro-social behaviour. Aside from aggression and violence there are other negative factors that need to be fully investigated, such as sexism and violence towards women in video games. Stermer and Burkley (2012) investigated the association between playing sexist video games and sexist attitudes, their results indicated that male participants who played video games perceived to be high in sexism showed higher levels of benevolent sexism in contrast to male participants’ who did not playShow MoreRelatedVideo Game Violence And Its Effects On Gamers1205 Words   |  5 PagesVideo Game Violence and its effects on Gamers In recent years there has been a significant increase of shooting incidents, specifically in America. When there is a shooting event the media is quick to question if the suspect had a history of playing violent video games. There is already the initial connection between video game violence and aggression; but is this connection scientifically correct? This topic interests me because of the increase in school shootings and violence. I have personallyRead MoreThis Article Provides A Brief Overview Of Existing Research1248 Words   |  5 Pagesbrief overview of existing research on the effects of exposure to violent video games. An updated meta-analysis reveals that exposure to violent video games is significantly linked to increases in aggressive behavior, cognition, affect, and cardiovascular arousal, and to decreases in helping behavior. Experimental studies reveal the linkage is causal. Correlational studies reveal a links to serious, real types of violence. Methodologically w eaker studies yielded smaller effect sizes than methodologicallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Emotion1570 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects Violent Video Games have on Emotion Tiffany Jones Professor Teresa Neal Psych 2300 Kennesaw State University Introduction Many studies have shown how harmful the effects of media violence can be for over 60 years, and some recent studies have shown that there may even be a direct correlation between a one’s emotions and their exposure to the highly concentrated violence in video games. It is also known that over 85% of video games today have at the very least some type ofRead MoreVideo Games Do Not Cause Violent Behavior855 Words   |  4 PagesVideo games do not cause violent behavior The advancement of technology in the contemporary word has increased the use of video games by children, teenagers and young adults. The video games have existed for almost three decades and the controversy of their causing violent behavior spans the same period (Porter and Starcevic,422). The release of Death Race game in 1970s initiated a debate with organizations, governments officials and other institution taking sides in the argument of whether violentRead MoreVideo Games : Video Game Violence Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Game Violence Blood and gore, intense violence, strong sexual content, use of drugs. These are just a few of the phrases that the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) uses to describe the content of several games. The future of entertainment revolves around technology. Along with the evolvement of technology, video games are also changing. More ways of playing violent video games are created each year, but most of us have this question in mind; do violent video games influence peopleRead MoreCriticle Article Review: Violent Video Games Essay1430 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity Abstract The aim of this paper is to provide a critical review of the article The Effect of Video Game Violence on Physiological Desensitization to Real-life Violence by Nicholas L. Carnagey, Craig A. Anderson, and Brad J. Bushman (2007). In this article Carnagey, Ander and Bushman experimentally examine the effects that violent video games have on those playing them, specifically in the area of physiological desensitization. It is the goal of this review toRead MoreEssay about Media Violence1541 Words   |  7 PagesViolence has been a contributing negative factor to society throughout history. Many researchers believe that the use of violent media, particularly video games, play a huge role in the downward trend of behavior and attitude of youth, and that this behavior continues to spiral out of control. However, other researchers believe that since violence has been occurring since the beginning of time, that adolescence are as capable today of violence, as they were a thousand years ago. ResearchRead MoreThe Real-World Effects of Virtual Violence: Perspectives on Video Games and Mass Media1507 Words   |  7 Pagesof the fact that video games are becoming more realistic and violent, nor that they are becoming much more beautiful and engaging in the way they look. What many people doubt, though, is whether they have a profound effect on a person’s character or not. Aggression as a result of video games seems to be a nebulous issue among much of the public. The research is there, but it is fragmented and covers many different issues that could (and are) problematic as far as video games go. This paper willRead MoreVideo Games And Violent Violence1345 Words   |  6 Pageseven specially made devices for babies and children. Video games are interwoven with our daily lives. For many, it is just an innocent way to relax or enjoy themselves. For others, it has become an addiction in which they cannot escape. Not all video games are violent, but what about those that are? Does society have an obligation to monitor every type of video game children and adults play simply because they believe it may lead to acts of violence? Psychologists, Sociologists, Anthropologist, SchoolsRead MoreVideo Game Technologys Negative Effects on the Next Generation893 Words   |  4 PagesVideo Game Technologys Negative Effects on the Next Generation Video Games made their first appearance in the 1970’s however did not develop popularity until the 1980’s. By the end of that decade, video games had become a preferred childhood leisure activity; psychologists urged many with the concerns of the ill effects of video games. â€Å" Even The military has long been aware of some of the side effects of video games†¦ Some of the best fighter pilots in the world grew up playing these games

Nazi Death Camps in the Night by Elie Wiesel - 833 Words

Night is an non fiction, dramatic book that tells the horrors of the nazi death camps all around Europe. The book is an autobiographical account of what happened, so the main character is the author. The author is Elie Wiesel who was only 14 year old when Nazi Germany came through his town of Sighet, Transylvania. This is story is set between the years of 1944 and 1945. Elie and his family of 4 are optimistic when Germany begins to take power. Germany invades Hungary, then arrives in Elie’s town. The Nazi’s begin to take over the Jews by limiting their freedom. Jews are eventually deported. The Jewish people are crowded into wagons where they are shipped to Auschwitz. He is separated from his mother and sister. Over the course of the book,†¦show more content†¦Elie wanted to give up hope, but he knew he couldnt. Night can relate back to sociology in many different ways. The book is mainly about the Holocaust. The Holocaust can be related back to sociology such as Social Darwinism. Social Darwinism is the theory of evolution that is explored by Charles Darwin. Darwinism uses terms like â€Å"survival of the fittest.† That term is applied to society. During World War II, the Nazi’s were in favor of Social Darwinism. They believed that the Jewish people were the inferior group. They believed that the conflict was necessary to remove the weaker people away from the superior Germans. Social Darwinism, in a way, was used when determining who was capable of working and who was going to be sent to the crematory. The Jews went under medical examination before entering the camps, and if a Jew was deemed unable to work, they would be gassed. Women and children were automatically sent to the death chambers. Jewish woman and children, In German eyes, were unable to work. The germans only ke pt the strongest Jews alive so they could work. Symbolism was sociological aspect of the Holocaust. â€Å"The yellow star? Oh well, what of it? You dont die of it. (Wiesel, 1) Elie, and the Jewish people around his town had to wear the Yellow Star Of David. They did this so that the Nazi’s could recognized if they were a Jew, or not. The title of the book â€Å"Night,† symbolizes death. Death is cold and dark just like an actual night. ItShow MoreRelatedFigurative Death in Night995 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death of Good: Figurative Death in Night In the early 1940’s, Hitler started death camps. His goal was to kill all of the Jews because they were not pure Germans. He started concentration camps, where they would beat and starve the prisoners until they died. The prisoners went through selections to see what job to make them, and if they were not fit enough, to kill them. The Nazis used crematories in which they burned prisoners, in ovens, until they were ashes. One of the most infamous concentrationRead MoreImagery Of Joseph Wiesel s Night1453 Words   |  6 PagesImagery of Dehumanization in Night Hate begins to grow, and in the case of the Holocaust, this incessant hatred led to the identification of all Jews, the deportation of millions of people from their homes, the concentration in the camps, and extermination of entire families and communities at once. For nearly a decade, Jews, prisoners-of-war, homosexuals, and the disabled were rounded up, sent off to camps, and systematically slaughtered in unimaginably inhumane ways. Elie Wiesel, a Holocaust survivorRead MoreThe Night By Elie Wiesel1636 Words   |  7 PagesElie Wiesel s Night chronicles his experience surviving in a concentration camp. He, along with every other Jew in his town, and many more throughout Europe, were sent to concentration camps for no fault of their own. Hitler, the fascist dictator of Germany and most of Europe, hated them because of their religion. He considered them a separate, inferior race and created the concentration camps to kill them all. Elie lost his mother, little sister, father, and ne arly everyone he knew to these factoriesRead MoreThe Holocaust: Night by Elie Wiesel1635 Words   |  7 PagesHolocaust. The Jews were persecuted, tortured and slaughtered in concentration camps (â€Å"The Holocaust† 1). Night by Elie Wiesel is the powerful memoir of his experiences during the Holocaust. Night shows the tragedy of the Holocaust through the use literary devices, including the themes of loss of faith and cruelty toward other human beings, night as a symbol of suffering and fear, and the use of first person narrative. Night allows the reader to emotionally connect with the victims of the HolocaustRead MoreNight by Ellie Wiesel: The Experience of a Young Boy Trapped in the Holocaust843 Words   |  4 PagesThe book â€Å"Night† by Elie Wiesel is non-fiction, which is based on Elie’s experience throughout the Holocaust as a young boy. Evidently the protagonist of this book is Elie, and he explains in detail everything that happens as he was a y oung â€Å"normal† child, to when he escapes from the concentration camp years later. His life before the Holocaust was very different from his life during the Holocaust. This experience led him to grow quickly and have a different perspective of life and society. EverythingRead MoreThe Holocaust Was The Systematic And Bureaucratic Murder Of Six Million Jews By The Nazi Party1099 Words   |  5 Pages Megan Cooper Instructor Klug English 10B May 1st, 2017 Analyzing Night Style The Holocaust was the systematic and bureaucratic murder of six million Jews by the Nazi party and its collaborators. During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities targeted many groups of people because of their perceived racial inferiority including Gypsies, the disabled, and some of the Slavic peoples. Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and behavioral grounds. Several authorsRead MoreMegan Cooper . Instructor Klug. English 10B. April 21,968 Words   |  4 Pages Megan Cooper Instructor Klug English 10B April 21, 2017 Analyzing Night Style The Holocaust was the systematic and bureaucratic murder of six million Jews by the Nazi party and its collaborators. During the era of the Holocaust, German authorities targeted many groups of people because of their perceived racial inferiority including Gypsies, the disabled, and some of the Slavic peoples. Other groups were persecuted on political, ideological, and behavioral grounds. Several authorsRead MoreNight, By Elie Wiesel1083 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1960 novel, Night, Elie Wiesel utilizes several literary devices, including the symbology of nighttime, motif of religious practices, and theme of father-son relationships, in order to emphasize the atrocities of the Holocaust specifically for Jews. Wiesel’s first hand experience in concentration camps allows for a vivid retelling of what many people had to endure. The symbolic portrayal of the nighttime helps to add a deeper meaning to the text. The title of the novel, Night, brings the symbolRead MoreNight by Elie Wiesel Essay1016 Words   |  5 PagesNIGHT Introduction The Holocaust was the attempt by the Nazi regime to systematically exterminate the European Jewish race during World War II. The Holocaust was a reference to the murder of around six million Jews and other minority groups such as homosexuals, gypsies and the disabled (Wiesel, 2008). In the 1930’s the Jewish population in Romania was around half a million. However, during World War II most of those Jews sent to the labour barracks or death camps (Wiesel, 2008). Set theRead MoreInhumane Treatment in Night971 Words   |  4 PagesPoland. Almost every country that the Nazis have conquered has the same percent of survival as Poland. In Elie Wiesel Wiesel’s memoir Night, the activities in the concentration camps, the suffering of Jews, and the disbelief of the inhumane actions of the Nazis result in making people resist the truth. Activities in the concentration camp struck fear within the hearts of the people who witnessed them, which led to one conclusion, people denied the Holocaust. Nazis showed no mercy to anybody, including

Is the Internet Good for Us - 1494 Words

â€Å"Closeness Is Not Related to Distance† is an advertising slogan, seen at the Blackberry Store at the Hartsfield International Airport. From a subjective viewpoint, has the Internet and other technologies added to our sense of connectedness and well being in our families and communities? The Internet was lauded as the technology that was going to connect the world together with the ability to communicate and work with people of like minds who may live around the corner or across the world. When it appears on the surface people are communicating more frequently with their intimate circles and others of like mind, what is the quality of those relationships? We access the Internet in many ways; mainly through computers and our†¦show more content†¦From providing additional practice for remedial work to helping a child learn the same material In a different way, technology is needed in our K-12 classrooms. In the post-secondary world, the Internet has allowed more people to get a college education. The use of the Internet to provide education for busy or homebound adults supports the improvement of the individual and our economy. The development of Blackboard and other online educational technologies helps a person move up the career ladder and provides a more career educated individual to assist in building the new economy for the future. Computers and the internet are embedded in the contemporary business models. Depending on where you stand in the economic equation, the Internet allows a worker and a company to be more efficient with resources. People can communicate in a time sensitive manner. For example, instead of making a phone call, interrupting someone while they work, an email can be sent. The culture of business has set up this expectation that emails are checked at least once a day, so if a response is not needed immediately, an email can be sent when the person thinks about the issue and the response can be sent when the recipient opens her email on her schedule. Meetings are scheduled over the Internet or at a minimum over a LAN network. Businesses, organizations, institutions, and individuals are using social media like FacebookShow MoreRelatedDoes Social Networking Have A Positive And Or Negative Affect On Individuals?942 Words   |  4 Pagesor near by. Does the internet do more harm than good? According to the Journal of Computer Mediated Communication, the internet does more harm than good because online communication has emerged, leading to a positive outcome in individuals. In my opinion, the internet does do more good than harm. Although, individuals have become too reliant on the internet, it is used for the greater good of people. The internet has its pros and cons but fortunately, more pros. The internet has more pros than consRead MoreThe world that I am growing up in is extremely different than the one that my parents grew up in,700 Words   |  3 Pagesof the internet. The internet has gone from an unthinkable luxury to an everyday necessity. This advancement has changed the way we think, work, and act as humans. When thinking about specific ways that the internet has changed the world, the first thing that comes to mind is the way we receive information. Nowadays everything that you need to know is right there at your fingertips. Whether we need answers to history questions or a recipe for dinner tonight, the internet gives it to us. I see thisRead MoreInternet Does More Harm Than Good (Oppositon Debate)1514 Words   |  7 PagesInternet Has Done More Harm Than Good . 1st Speaker Opposition Thank you Madam speaker . Assalamualaikum and a very good morning to Madam speaker of the House, the respected panel of adjudicators, the ever-precise timekeeper, my worthy opponents, ladies and gentlemen members of the Parliament . As the Opposition Leader, it would be my duty to refute the motion for today Internet Has Done More Harm than Good . We believe that Internet Has Done More Good than Harm . The government team, ladies andRead MoreHow Technology Affects Our Education Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesthe way we think and the way we learn? The internet is a powerful source that has taken over our current generation. The way we do things is changing every day and technology is advancing faster than ever. We don’t think like we used to because we have no reason to anymore, with the internet we have many ways to get by things without having to try hard or to memorize anything. The internet highly affects our brains and the power of education. The internet not only affects our brains, it also affectsRead MoreDoes The Internet Make You Dumber?1002 Words   |  5 Pagesis easy access to the Internet. Nicholas Carr, the author of â€Å"Does the Internet Make you Dumber?† stated a good question that is relevant to our generation. Since we have easy access to the Internet, it is making us dumber instead of smarter. I believe individuals have taken advantage of the Internet and it is costing them their thinking skills. Sometimes individual don’t realize the impact that the internet has on our brain and education. The author states that the internet comes with distractionsRead MoreThe Internet Is Good Or Bad?1074 Words   |  5 Pagesme. When the internet became available, we got all of the general public including some unsavoury characters that didn t have your best interests at heart, so we got a lot of bad things showing up on the net in addition to the overwhelming positive value that is available, he told TechRadar†(Goss). In other word, we have become using the Internet widely that we do not even know what we are doing. Indeed that we are in the situation where we ask ourselves what we are doing is good or bad. In additionRead MoreWhere Wizards Stay Up Late1529 Words   |  7 PagesLate In Where Wizards Stay up Late, the Origins of the Internet, Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon explore the beginnings of the Internet. The authors show us how it was a computer-engineering firm that produced the original prototypes for Arpanet, and how several very intelligent men made the Internet possible. The book is excellent in that it brings to the limelight many important people that played an important role in devising the Internet. In other words, therefore, this book is a history as wellRead MoreIs Google Making Us Stupid?920 Words   |  4 PagesImpact of the Internet on Society† the Internet and its many uses have been misunderstood. The Internet has helped to improve social relationships but â€Å"The media aggravate the distorted perception by dwelling into scary reports on the basis of anecdotal observation and biased commentary† (page 10). With such thought being expressed, it seems we are falling for the falsely defined characteristics of the internet. We ca n either let the unreliable reviews take our attention away from the internet or let itRead MoreWhere Wizards Stay Up Late1492 Words   |  6 PagesLate, the Origins of the Internet. Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon walk us through the beginnings of the Internet. The authors will talk about how a computer-engineering firm produced the first prototypes of the Arpanet, and how a group of men made the Internet as we know it today. It tells the intriguing story of how the technology for the Internet was devised. In many respects, it is very much a behind-the-scenes kind of documentary. When thinking about the Internet, one always appears to assumeRead MoreThe Internet And Its Effect On Society1540 Words   |  7 PagesWe are living in a world where the Internet has become an integral part of our everyday life. Everything is at our fingertips through the Internet: school, work, business, personal, and so forth; that our society has made its usage almost mandatory. It has made everything easier and people today cannot even imagine how their lives would be without this genre of technologies. But, we cannot expect that something as useful as the Internet will not have adversely effects in people. However, in this

The history of the Asian community in Britain Free Essays

Introduction The history of Britain is marked by a continued presence and increasing trends of Asian occupation. The history of the Asian community in Britain portrays a long-term presence and increasing migrations, an area that has caused great concern among the researchers, academicians, as well as scholars. History explains the trends in the evolution of an entity since its inception and up to the point of its review. We will write a custom essay sample on The history of the Asian community in Britain or any similar topic only for you Order Now The history of the Asian community in Britain dates back in the 18th century, in the period 1850s up to date. Britain has thus become one of the world’s multicultural centers, with rampant tribes from the four corners of the world. Migration and settlement of the Asians in Britain is attributed to the existence of emigration and migration policies, conflicts in the Asian lands, employment opportunities desire among the people and so on. Asians are also known to be very outgoing people in regard to invention, and their presence in the land has excellent rationales, though some are attributed to negativity. The Asian community also consists of people from distinct origins, the earliest coming from Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Sri-Lanka. The presence of the Asians in British land is known to have influenced the culture, agricultural, industrial as well as the urban sectors of the economy. The political as well as the social have not been exceptions from the influence by the long presence of these aliens. The continued migration and settlements of Asians in the recent years has drastically raised Britain populations to high scores. Researchers and scholars in the recent decades have continued to develop enthusiasm and interest in this area, though no study has directly related the history (Addison and Jones, 2007. Therefore, the discussion in this paper investigates into the history of the Asian community in Britain. The migration and settlement of the Asians in the land is also found ample to present in order to enhance the understanding of the history. An establishment of the Asian statistics in Britain is also found to provide a rationale in this discussion. Furthermore, the kind of influence on Britons as well as original settlers in Britain will also be duly presented. The history of the Asian community in Britain The history of Asian immigration to the Britain dates back in 1850’s. Different phases have been seen arrive the phases over the years, the first wave arriving in 1850 in the city of United Kingdom. The reason for the referral inform of phases is because of conformity with immigration laws that have Marjory controlled the immigration trends. The first and the second waves having arrived in 1850 an d 1882 respectively, laws were set regarding a stop of immigrants from Asia moving in to the United Kingdom. The 1970 again saw a restoration of the immigration laws that enabled other more waves moving into the United States, carrying heavy populations. The waves can be categorized into three basic groups. The first waves that were experienced in the period between 1850 and 1942, consisting mainly of Chinese and Japanese people. Most of them immigrated in search of labor due to the arising human needs. The second period occurred between 1943 and 1965, due to the evaluation and revis ion of the e migration laws in the Asian countries as well as those of immigration in the United Kingdom. The set laws were set in favor of immigrants, thus this period experiencing a vast number of people move from the Asian nations. The period from 1965 up to date is the most relevant, being the one in which rampant migrations take place. Today, not only do the Asians migrate to the Britain, but also to other countries around the globe. The causal factors for migration have also become modified, and the laws have been regulated to ease movement for all kinds of people (Addison and Jones, 2007. The British citizens who have long emigrated from Asia from are a term that has been utilized to describe the Asians who are found living in Britain. The establishment of the East India Company is known to the beginning of southern Asian people immigration to Britain. This saw the movement of the Indian continent people to England. The independence attainment by Pakistan, India, as well as Sri-lanka was a rationale to the increased immigration and this was increased during the British Raj period. The history of the migration is also said to have emanated from economic and educational pursuits. The earliest settlements origin in Great Britain from Asia cannot be attributed, including the Romanis. The middle ages are the earliest estimated times which saw the Asians settle in the Briton land. The sinti are also inclusive of the earliest groups, originating from the regions of Pakistan and North India. The period 1000 saw the Asians begin to travel westwards, where they were mixed South west Asians and people from Europe. Sizeable numbers of Romanis started arriving at the Western Europe in the 16th century (Spencer, 1939). The 1660 saw the enactment of the Navigation act that restricted the employment realms for sailors from Non-English regions. Records of baptism in the East-Greenwich indicate that Malarban coast people origins were seeking better areas to establish their religion. The phases of migration that were in migration and settlement are grouped into four categories. The first phase saw the immigration of people who were in need of better employments that included the substandard jobs, including those of cooks as well as farming in small-scale farms. The recent years have been characterized by rampant migrations of the Asians into Britain and other area (Spencer, 1939). The migration and settlements of Asians to the Britain The emigration policies that had set in each of the Asian countries, and their relationship with the immigration policies at work in the Britain has been a long term factor that contributing to the Asian immigration into the British countries. The second rationale entails the linkage between Britain and the South Asian countries in relation to economical, political, social, as well as military linkages. A third migration cause is the aspect of globalization, in the fact that the world has been modified recently to appear like a small city where people can move to and fro. This has also made the movement process easy, making the movement of the Asians into the United Kingdom year-by-year (Spencer, 1939). Theories have long been put forward that provide broad literature concerning the immigration of the Asian people into the Britain as well as into other countries. The push and pull forces that are considered causal for migration are abundant, and contributing to the actions of the pull and push theory. The push action of the theory is manifested in the fact that major factors are considered to cause the Asians move out of their original homeland into an alien land. These factors include search for labor, spirit of adventure, in search for better business as well as conflicts occurrence in the emigration land. The pull action comes in when the target alien land has a ground for provision of the needed by the immigrants. The Asians consider the Britain to possess important soil, geographical and development addition to social and culturally ample features. These are push factors that make the Asians develop increased enthusiasm to travel abroad, constituting the push and pull theory (V isram, 2002). Migration is a major contributor to population increase in Britain spheres. The earliest known Asian settlers in Britain were from the Bangladesh region, Pakistan as well as the Sri-Lankans. The recent years have seen the Chinese and Japanese continue to settle in Britain for agricultural, industrial as well as urban and technological reasons. Therefore, the change in the agricultural, industrial and urban sectors has experienced a boost as a result of increased migrations and settlement. The rampant migrations have seen increased interactions in terms of language influence. The Asians have influenced the Britons with their language and at the same time, the Britons impacted their language on the immigrating Asians. Migration has also a causal factor for the adoption of new farming, industrial as well as technological skills (Kalra and Sayyid, 2008). Statistics of the population of South Asians in Britain The southern Asians are the earliest people known to have settled in Britain, since the year 1850. The distinct types of the south Asians in the Britain region include those that came from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri-lanka. The Chinese and the Japanese people are also present in Britain in large numbers. The current statistics indicate the Asians to consist of 15% of people from Pakistan, Bangladesh as well Sri-lanka. The Indians from southern Britain are also the largest part of the Asians in the British continents (35%). The trends of movement in the phases have shown a great increment according to the recent research. The recent years have seen many people from the four corners of the world desire to get their way into the Britain. The earlier waves are known to have trends that were rising in terms of the immigration population as well as movement and settlement reasons. Philosophical thinkers have tried to come up with explanations governing the recent immigrations into Britain. Most of the causal factors are because of political, social, as well as economic interests. Many scholars believe that the Britain has the best education system, therefore desiring to become part of the same. The economists have credited the country with excellent economic systems as well as financial management ones, thus making most people want an association with the powerful country. The Academicians have contributed to the recent developed immigration trends in Britain in their urge to compare the academic curriculum with other systems since the Britain systems are considered the best around the globe (Kalra and Sayyid, 2008). Influence on Britain by the presence of Asian community The style of life of the Britons has been greatly influenced by the immigration and settlement of the Asian community in the land. The culture of the Britons was ideally eroded as a result of rampant interactions with the Asians. The language was also ideally influenced by the mix of cultures where each culture had to learn the language of the other. A strong adaptation skill to the region was a demand for all people found in the British continent. The Asians are known to have a passion for music, arts and performances, theatre activities, factor which has long led to the establishment of experience economy centers. The establishment of the events industries including the tourism industry is a result of the increased interaction between distinct communities. The Britons were taught how to adopt the agricultural practices, which have long caused the increases experienced in the economic fields. The history and the present day immigration to the Britain has become an issue of concern i n the recent years. The U.S is one of the countries where population rise has also been an issue in the research reams. This is attributed to the in movement of people from other continents, predominantly the Asians, and specifically the Chinese and Japanese. The Chinese were the original immigrants in the 1850’s. Following the enactment of distinct laws governing immigration by the different ruling regimes in the Britain, four waves have been seen come into the Britain, the first beginning in the 1850. The second was in operation in the 1943 up to 1965. The third was found to operate in the 1965 and up to 1980, while the last rate from 1980s to the present day, constitutes the current immigration trends (Brown, 2007). Immigration emanates from the desire to boost the economic, social, as well as political status of a nation. It is also geared towards the achievement of better cultural conditions of the immigrants, for instance immigrant women in the Britain due to the alienation of culture, thus they are able to acquire life with freedom. Scholars are migrating to enhance their knowledge as academicians search for better curriculum. Industries like Japan and China move in search for industrial location and business contraction sites, as the traders seek ample trade partners across the globe. More over, the enactment of immigration laws in countries like the UK has made it possible for many immigrants to emerge. The impacts of immigrations include global technological advancements, urbanization, and industrial developments, in addition to the conflicts and culture linkages and alienations as in the current world. However, the Asians have left a mark in their rampant immigration trends to Britain (B rown, 2007). The rationale of the presence of the Asian community in Britain The presence of the Asians in Britain has had major positive and negative effects on the Britons, the immigrants as well as the entire country’s realms. The Asians are long known to possess a heart for development and making great industrial discoveries. Thus, the recent industrial advancements are known to have taken place partly because of the presence of the immigrants. The increment in the agrarian revolution and the agrarian shifts that have long taken place in Britain are attributed to the presence of the Asians in the region. Britain is today identified as one of the multicultural countries in the world due to continued presence of the Asians in Britain. Thus, alienation of cultures occurred to great extents such that mostly the existence of mixed cultures is prominent. The recent technological advancements have had their way due to the increased occupation of the Asians in Britain. The experience economy sector has been ideally improved due to the influence of Britain by the immigrant Asians. There has been development of arts, tourism, as well as the events industry (Brown, 2007). The recent industrialization trends have made it possible for the formation of linkages between the Asian and American continents, facilitating the movement of people from one corner to the other in search for better industrial linkages. These have made the Japanese and the Chinese people become rampant in the Unites states industrial realms, owing to the fact that they are industrial-minded people. These have moved and settled in the United Kingdom fostering for the best development patterns. The recent academic trends have also enabled the immigration of people from the Asian to the American continent. Thus, the recent immigration trends are composure of all kinds of people, and the population of the Britain has solely increased (Brown, 2007). Conclusion The history of Britain is marked by a continued presence and increasing trends of Asian occupation. The history of the Asian community in Britain portrays a long-term presence and increasing migrations, an area that has caused great concern among the researchers, academicians, as well as scholars. The recent statistics indicate the presence of large numbers of Asians in Britain, up to almost 50%. The presence of Asians has ideally influenced the political, social and economic life of the Britons and other cultures though has a very great economic rationale. More research should be conducted to reveal correct statistical figures of Asian community in Britain. Reference List Addison, P. and Jones, H., 2007. A companion to contemporary Britain, 1939-2000. MA: Wiley-Blackwell. Brown, J., 2007. Global South Asians: introducing the modern Diaspora. NY: Cambridge University Press. Kalra, N. and Sayyid, V., 2008. A Postcolonial People: South Asians in Britain. Columbia University Press. Spencer, I., 1939. British immigration policy since 1939: the making of multi-racial Britain. NY: Routledge. Visram, R., 2002. Asians in Britain: 400 Years of History, Pluto Press. (Online). Available from http://www.fathom.com/course/21701766/index.html (Accessed April 15, 2011) How to cite The history of the Asian community in Britain, Essay examples

Omnidirectional Safety Culture Analysis †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Omnidirectional Safety Culture Analysis. Answer: Introduction Safety management is a process in which the risk of damage and harm to a person is identified and necessary policies are developed to maintain a proper environment at workplace (Glendon Clarke, 2016). Moreover, safety management is the processes, procedures, structure, resources and people of an organisation required to attain the objective of the safety management policies. In the safety and risk management process, the hazards are identified using risk identification and risk assessment techniques in order to keep the employees and other stakeholders safe from the operations of the organisation (Bramson, 2009). However, it is important to note that lack of attention, casual attitude of the employees and breaches of safety policies may lead to different types of hazards at workplace. Hence, it is important for the management to identify, implement, ensure and monitor the safety policies effectively in order to maintain a safe and healthy environment at workplace. On the basis of th e above facts, the case study of Granville train crash can is Australia has been identified in order to evaluate the factors leading to safety breaches and occurrence of one of the largest disaster in the history of Australian Railway. Furthermore, the paper presents the changes in the railway safety policy implemented by the Australian Railway Ministry in order to avoid the occurrence of railway disaster in the future. Granville train crash can be identified as the most unfortunate rail disaster in Australia. On January 18, 1977, a Sydney-bound train derailed in Granville suburb, New South Wales (Duncan, 2017). The Granville train disaster took place when a commuter train derailed and hit the supporting pillars of a road bridge resulting in collapsing the bridge over the train near Granville station. Due to the collision, 470 tonnes of the concrete section of the bridge collapsed over the carriages three and four of the train. According to the reports, 84 people were killed and 213 were injured in the most tragic train accident in Australia (Bell, 2017). Evidently, two of the carriages of the locomotive hit severely as the entire mass of the steel and concrete bridge rained over them. In order to rescue the injured passengers, the rescue team faced significant challenges as leaking gas had forced not to use oxy-acetylene cutting tools. The efforts of the emergency rescue crew were highly appreciated following the rescue operations. In the meanwhile, the most tragic train crash in the Australian history has provided crucial lessons to be followed so that such nasty mishaps can be avoided (Hudoklin Rozman, 2012). Reason for the accident The aftermath of the tragic accident was important because it was essential to investigate the reason behind the train crash. In February 1977, an inquiry commission was set up under the supervision of the then NSW District Court Chief Judge. According to the reports of the inquiry team, it was revealed a number of reasons were involved that were collectively contributed to the unfortunate train accident (Duncan, 2017). Shockingly, the report clarified that the Bold Street Bridge was previously hit by derailments at the same section before. In spite of such derailments, lack of proper actions led to the tragic mishap. Also, the report stated that the condition of the railway track was so unsatisfactory. Moreover, the track was badly aligned and it had stretched wider than standard gauge causing the derailment of the train. However, the subsequent inquiries had pointed out that lack of investment in the track maintenance and ageing infrastructure as the primary reason. Apart from that, the manual mistakes were pointed out as well. Precisely, high turnover of employees, as well as lack of standard track inspection process, can be identified as other contributing agents to the train crash. Other than the primary factors, some of the secondary contributing reasons can be shown that are related to the accident. According to the investigation of the inquiry team, the structure of the road bridge was a reason, to say the least (Duncan, 2017). During the construction of the bridge, the extra concrete material was added to increase the road level. Herein, the extra weight of the bridge contributed massive destruction as well. Lessons learned from the accident The incident of Granville Train Crash brought up several lessons for the Public Transport Commission. Furthermore, it made the government realised the need for safety and risk management policies and the importance of proper investigation of the railway tracks conditions after every small interval of time (Duncan, 2017). Additionally, another point that was raised after the accident is the efficiency of the disaster management team. It can be seen from the case study that the last person was taken out from the collapsed compartment after 36 hours of the accident. Hence, the faulty safety measures and poor efficiency of the post-disaster management system had been a major reason for the loss of life of 83 people in the incident. Another lesson that is important for the Public Transport Commission is the proper management of workforce. It can be seen through the case study that high turnover of the employees had been one of the major reasons for the breach of safety measures (Macfarlane Hope, 2014). Hence, the Public Transport Commission must keep in mind that the employees are trained regarding the safety measures and policies in order to avoid any sort of railway disaster in the future (McDonald, 2017). A proper management of the employees can be helpful to properly identify the safety hazards and implement the safety policies effectively. Policy changes and implementation of the policies Since the Granville train crash, the government of Australia has changed the entire set of safety guidelines for public transport (Wullems, 2011). Evidently, the defects discovered after the inquiry must have been identified and rectified. The Public Transport Commission of Australia was restructured after the tragic event so that high employee turnover cannot affect the standard inspection procedure of railway tracks (Wang Liu, 2012). The Public Transport Commission made necessary changes in the Human Resource Management strategy to reduce the employee turnover rate in the track inspection department. New employee training policies have been introduced in order to make the workers aware of the risk identification techniques and proper render their duties to make the public transport safer for the people (Robinson, 2009). Although not a single person was directly charged, substantial safety policies and guidelines were introduced since then. Under the reforms, the government of Australia found that budgetary constraints could be identified as a major factor (Silla Luoma, 2012). Therefore, recommendations were published to allocate regular funds to modify the infrastructure. Precisely, the government forced to increase rail-maintenance spending so that public transports can become safer for the commuters (Duncan, 2017). After the incident, the Australian Government increased the allocated budget for railway infrastructural development. Under the railway improvement plan, the Wran government allocated AU$ 200 million after the accident to restructure the entire infrastructure of the Railways (Duncan, 2017). The allocated funds have been used to rebuild the Bold Street Bridge and several other bridges that have been found to be in poor condition. Furthermore, the allocated fund has been used to train th e employees regarding the new safety policies and hazard identification techniques in order to improve the current safety and risk management process. In the meantime, Granville train crash was a life-long lesson for the safety and security department of Australia. The policymakers have voted for rail safety measures to be followed strictly. In case of safety breach, fines have been recommended. To improve the railway safety, The Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator (ONRSR) was established under the Rail Safety Law Act 2012 (Onrsr.com.au, 2017). It is the responsibility of the ONRSR to oversight rail safety in every Australian state. The risk-based approach of ONRSR was introduced to improve rail safety. In order to optimise the performance of the Railways, the ONRSR is dedicated to develop the system networks. By using modern safety equipment, the ONRSR is aimed to increase the commuters safety. Also, the Australian Railways has developed emergency task forces to deal with the accidents so that rescue operations can be started immediately without any delay (Li, Zheng Liter, 2017). The emergency task forces are trained wit h disaster and crisis management technique to take care of the severe incidents. Additionally, the new rescue task force is assigned with psychologist to take care of their psychological needs during the disaster management. Conclusion By considering the analysis of the Granville Train Crash case study, it can be seen that poor management of the employees and high turnover of the track inspection workers have been a major factor leading to the safety policy breaches. However, the incident provided the Public Transport Commission and the Australian Government with different lessons that have been considered in order to introduce policy changes in the safety and risk management of public transport. Furthermore, necessary policy reforms have been introduced by the Government to effectively identify the hazards and implement, ensure and monitor the safety management policies for healthy and safe journey of the people through Australian Railway Transportation System. References About ONRSR - Office of the National Rail Safety Regulator. (2017).Onrsr.com.au. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.onrsr.com.au/about-onrsr Bell, J. (2017).Granville train disaster 40 years on: 'The biggest thing is the survivor guilt'.News. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2017/01/17/granville-train-disaster-40-years-biggest-thing-survivor-guilt Bramson, M. (2009). Safety programs important in risk management.Perspectives In Healthcare Risk Management,5(3), 6-7. Duncan, J. (2017).Granville: The rail disaster that changed Australia - BBC News.BBC News. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-38645976 Duncan, J. (2017).Saved from Granville carnage by superstition.Heraldsun.com.au. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/superstition-saved-keith-mcgowan-from-granville-rail-disaster/news-story/5cb52b3becb496f67caad472160e57e8 Glendon, A., Clarke, S. (2016).Human safety and risk management. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Hudoklin, A., Rozman, V. (2012). Safety analysis of the railway traffic system.Reliability Engineering System Safety,37(1), 7-13. Li, K., Zheng, Y., Liter, S. (2017). A transient-enhanced low dropout regulator with rail to rail dynamic impedance attenuation buffer suitable for commercial design.Microelectronics Journal,63, 27-34. Macfarlane, I., Hope, R. (2014).Railway safety(4th ed.). Crows Nest, N.S.W.: Engineers Media. McDonald, P. (2017).NSW Government to apologise over Granville train disaster.ABC News. Retrieved August 2017, from https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-01-14/granville-train-disaster-nsw-government-to-apologise-to-families/8182976 Robinson, A. (2009).Fatigue in railway infrastructure(6th ed.). Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Ltd. Silla, A., Luoma, J. (2012). Opinions on railway trespassing of people living close to a railway line.Safety Science,50(1), 62-67. Wang, C., Liu, Y. (2012). Omnidirectional safety culture analysis and discussion for railway industry.Safety Science,50(5), 1196-1204. Wullems, C. (2011). Towards the adoption of low-cost rail level crossing warning devices in regional areas of Australia: A review of current technologies and reliability issues.Safety Science,49(8-9), 1059-1073.

Specialty Toys Inc Case Study - Quantitative Methods and solution

Question: Describe about the Quantitative Methods of Specialty Toys Inc? Answer: Introduction According to Armstrong and Hilton (2011) companies should adopt the maintenance of economic order quantity so that the companies can manage the inventory and maximize the profit through continuous review of the system. The report deals with the ascertainment of the economic order quantity of Weather Teddy which is a new range of product introduced by the Specialty Inc. Normal probability distribution of the sales forecast The Normal distribution curve Carlberg (2011) commented that normal distribution curve which is also known as the bell curve refers to the shape created when a line is plotted using the data points for an item that meets the criteria of normal distribution. The centre of the curve is the highest point containing the greatest value. The centre point is referred as the mean of the curve. The bell curve decreases on the either side of the centre thereby outlining the standard deviations of the curve. The standard deviation determines the height and the width of the bell. Calculation of the mean and standard deviation Mean = 20000 (Expected demand) So P (10k X 30k) = 0.95 By symmetry P (20k X 30k) = 0.475 P (0 Z 10k/ ) = 0.475 From normal tables, Z value corresponding to this 0.475 is 1.96 So 10000/ = 1.96 Or, 1.96 = 10000/ Or, Standard deviation is 10000/1.96 = 5102. 04 or approximated to 5102 In the above calculation it can be said that 95% of the normal distribution falls between 10000 and 30000 hence 47.5% falls between 20000 and 30000. From the normal distribution table the value of 47.5% can be determined as 1.96 (Standard deviation). Hence the required standard deviation is around 5102. The mean for the purpose of calculation is assumed to be the 20000 units which is the expected demand for the companys sell. Normal distribution curve Computation of probability of stock out for order quantities Stock out may be defined as the situation where the current market demand cannot be fulfilled by the company from the current inventory (Diday, 2013). The issue of stock out is a grave issue for the consumers. Since the stock out will hamper the demand of the customers. A stock out is when virtual inventory has been depleted and is no longer available from either the supplier or the retailer. The majority of the cases of stock out are seen in cases of retail companies. In the case of Specialty Inc the management depending upon the various suggested quantities tried to calculate the stock out probabilities for each quantity. The variation in the order quantities shows that being a retail company Specialty Inc has formulated the various ranges of order quantity so that the stock out risks can be managed. The profitability of stock out with an order of K units is P(X K) P (X K) = P (Z (K 20000) / 5102 Here Z is the standard normal The order quantities suggested by the management of Specialty Inc are namely 15000, 18000, 24000 and 28,000 Order ( K) (K 20000) / 5102 P ( X K) 15000 -0.98001 0.83 18000 -0.392 0.65 24000 0.784006 0.21 28000 1.568012 0.05 Computation of projected profits The projected profits are calculated based on the three different scenarios adopted by the management of the company (Sprinthall, 2012). The management of the company adopted the worst case scenario, the most likely scenario and the best scenario and with the help of the ordering quantities calculated the profit that the company will experience in each case. In the calculation of the same the company took into account two types of profit rates firstly the initial profit rate of $ 8 and secondly the surplus profit rate of $11 for the excess of the ordering quantity (Hardle and Simar, 2012). Projected profits for order quantity of 15000 The initially cost price is $ 16 and the initial selling price is $ 24 and after holiday the company will sell the surplus at $ 5 selling price. Profit initially = (24-16) = $ 8 Profit later = (16- 5) = $ 11 Worst case scenario (10000) Most likely case scenario (20000) Best case scenario (30000) (8*10000) - (11*5000) = 25000 (8 * 15000) = 120000 (8 * 15000) = 120000 Projected profits for order quantity of 18000 The initially cost price is $ 16 and the initial selling price is $ 24 and after holiday the company will sell the surplus at $ 5 selling price. Profit initially = (24-16) = $ 8 Profit later = (16- 5) = $ 11 Worst case scenario (10000) Most likely case scenario (20000) Best case scenario (30000) (8*10000) - (11*8000) = -8000 (8 * 18000) = 144000 (8 * 18000) = 144000 Projected profits for order quantity of 24000 The initially cost price is $ 16 and the initial selling price is $ 24 and after holiday the company will sell the surplus at $ 5 selling price. Profit initially = (24-16) = $ 8 Profit later = (16- 5) = $ 11 Worst case scenario (10000) Most likely case scenario (20000) Best case scenario (30000) (8*10000) - (11*14000) = -74000 (8 * 20000) ( 11 * 4000) = 116000 (8 * 24000) = 192000 Projected profits for order quantity of 28000 The initially cost price is $ 16 and the initial selling price is $ 24 and after holiday the company will sell the surplus at $ 5 selling price. Profit initially = (24-16) = $ 8 Profit later = (16- 5) = $ 11 Worst case scenario (10000) Most likely case scenario (20000) Best case scenario (30000) (8*10000) - (11*18000) = -118000 (8 * 20000) ( 11 * 8000) = 72000 (8 * 28000) = 224000 Computation of ordering quantities As per the management the ordering quantity which will meet 70% demand and has a probability of 30% stock out can be found as follows: P(X K) = 0.70 P (Z (K 20000) / 5102) = 0.70 Or, (K 20000) / 5102 = 0.5244 (As per the corresponding value of Z in normal distribution table) K = (20000 + 5102) * 0.5244 = 20000+2675 = 22675 (Economic order quantity) Objected profit under three diverse sales scenario Worst case scenario (10000) Most likely case scenario (20000) Best case scenario (30000) (8*10000) - (11*12675) = -59425 (8 * 20000) ( 11 * 2675) = 130575 (8 * 22675) = 181400 Recommendation The order quantity that the company should maintain should range between 20000 and 25000. The management had determined that with a order quantity of around 22675 the profitability of the company increases to 70% and the probability of stock out reduces to 30%. Moreover the most likely scenario considered by the company management is 20000. Hence keeping the order quantity between the range of 20000 and 25000 will neither put the company at risk of stock out nor keep excess amount of stock for the company. Moreover the company will also be able to maintain a steady amount of profit in this range of stock. The probability of stock out for the company under the option of most likely range of ordering quantity is also low that is .21 or 21%.Weather Teddy is a new addition to the existing product line of the toy company. Although the product is designed in an innovative manner in order to cater to the needs of the children in an informative as well as innovative manner. However since the product is a toy hence it is not possible to measure the demand graph of the product and it is not possible to judge the amount of ordering quantity in order to balance the situations of stock out. If the company adopts the best possible scenario and orders products ranging between 26000 and 30000 then if the product flops in the market then the company may get stuck with the high levels of inventory in the warehouse along with high levels of cost of production and inability to recover the variable costs. In that situation the company would have to sell the goods at reduced prices. Hence it is advisable to maintain a lower level of ordering quantity initially and after judging the demand level the company can effectively increase the amount of ordering quantity. Conclusion The report shows the overall findings in terms of profitability, mean, standard deviation, probability of stock out and also the ordering quantity and the expected profit at the different given scenarios. From the analysis it can be ascertained that the company should maintain a best possible scenario and should ideally make quantity orders ranging between 20000 and 25000 so that the company doesnt suffer any situation of stock out or any situation of over stocking of the goods. Hence from the report it can be ascertained that stock out is not a favorable situation for the company and hence it should be avoided. References list Armstrong, R. and Hilton, A. (2011).Statistical analysis in microbiology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell Pub. Carlberg, C. (2011).Statistical analysis. Indianapolis, Ind.: Que. Clarke, B. (2013). Special Issue on Statistical Learning.Statistical Analy Data Mining, 6(4), pp.271-272. Diday, E. (2013). Principal component analysis for bar charts and metabins tables.Statistical Analy Data Mining, p.n/a-n/a. Hardle, W. and Simar, L. (2012).Applied multivariate statistical analysis. Berlin: Springer. Kobayashi, H., Mark, B. and Turin, W. (2012).Probability, random processes, and statistical analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Noorossana, R., Saghaei, A. and Amiri, A. (2011).Statistical analysis of profile monitoring. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Sprinthall, R. (2012).Basic statistical analysis. Boston: Pearson Allyn Bacon.

What Is a Professional free essay sample

What is a professional? After a week of research I think it is safe to say its not Just someone who possesses a marketable skill as I thought. According to Michael Bayle a profession has three necessary criteria. First he says there is extensive training required to practice any profession. For example, to become a doctor in the United States you have to graduate from a 4 year college in a strong pre-med program, you have to take and pass the medical College Admissions Test (MICA) then you have to do 3-7 years residency. The second element to any profession has to have a significant intellectual component. For example if you want to be a successful physician, you must have a true intellectual curiosity and devotion about medicine and the sciences and to have the self-determination and motivation to go after it. And third element Bayle said that the trained ability has to provide an important service in society to be classified as a profession. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is a Professional or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If we were to use the physician again as an example obviously he carries out duties every day in order to help others and save peoples lives. Some other common features Bayle associates with reversions is having good Judgment, autonomy in his or her work, organization of members, and credentialing (earning a license or certificate in your occupation). Once again, a physician would be a great example in this case. Only an educated, professional physician with qualified credentials is permitted to treat patients as a medical doctor in the United States. Referring back to my discussion paper this week I had mentioned a professor named DRY. Same Salts, he was a biology instructor at Portland State University. He is a brilliant, self-determined, well-educated doctor room India. When he lived in India he had attended college then med-school and even worked as a doctor for many years. However, when he moved to the United States the U. S. Did not recognize the medical school he attended in India so he is not allowed to practice medicine here in the United States. He was informed he would need to complete medical school all over if he wanted to be a doctor here. He was however, allowed to teach undergraduate classes at multiple colleges in the area. What are your thoughts on this? Dry. Salts does have 3 out of the 3 criteria that Bales identifies as necessary. Yet he cant get licensed here to practice. So is he now considered a professional teacher? What if he doesnt make the best teacher however, was an amazing doctor? Although I feel bad for Dry. Salts I would not want to use him as my physician or surgeon unless he was licensed in the United States. As I would have no way to hold him accountable if something went wrong which brings me to my next point, The fact that professionals in certain occupations can be held accountable to the public is an important distinction from those who may do the Job s an amateur or on a non-professional basis. Take this scenario for example, if Im a homeowner and my toilet starts backing up as well and my tub is not draining. I could look on scraggliest for a non-licensed plumber and hire him to save me a little money, however what happens when he comes out and snakes the drain and appears to fix the problem yet, the next day I start the washer in the laundry room and I go in the bathroom and there is poop everywhere overflowing from the toilet and coming up in the tub? I call the non-licensed plumber back and he says Oh must be he main line I cant taxi that. I would d be very upset but I wouldnt be able to hold TN plumber I hired to the same standards as I would a licensed professional plumber. Another example is a carpenter worker who builds houses to meet his basic needs. I think he could meet two of the three criteria. Although he may have extensive hands on training and have and provides an important service in society he doesnt always have the significant intellectual component it takes to become an architect to build sky scrapers. I have learned from this assignment that Just having a title, or working n a certain field, being trained in a certain field, providing an important service in society does not make you a professional. If you want to be a professional you have to be an expertise in your field, and be educated and continue to keep your education up to date and be licensed or governed accordingly as well as you might have different ethical responsibilities. I believe a professional is someone who has an extraordinary skill set and can use those skills to do important things for the public and their well-being. Such as doctors providing effective medical treatment by applying their medical knowledge to diagnose illnesses, prescribe medications, or the chief engineers, ensuring that the plans for construction of the Max transit system are safe for the mass public to utilize on daily basis for years to come.